How does one define which particles are matter and which are anti-matter? The sign of electric charge is mixed, in both cases.
We can define matter as those particles which have positive sign of square root mass. And anti-particles as those which have negative sign of square-root mass. Square-root mass takes the value (0, 1/3, 2/3, 1) for neutrino, electron, up quark, down quark.
When square-root mass is introduced this way, as a new fundamental quantum number, it immediately implies that (pre-)gravitation must be included in the theory. This requires an extension of the standard model. One possible way to obtain such an extension is a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model, based on the symmetry group E_6. And assign square-root mass as the quantum number for right-handed fermions, corresponding to electric charge which is assigned to left-handed fermions. The Higgs then transfers electric charge from left to right, and square-root mass from right to left, suggesting that the Higgs boson might actually be part of a triplet of Higgs bosons, the other two being electrically charged.
This kind of symmetric relation between electric charge and square-root mass suggests some sort of gauge-gravity duality. Indeed, it is not possible to derive the value of the low-energy fine structure constant without an extension of the standard model so as to include gravitation as well. One can express eigenstates of electric charge as superposition of eigenstates of square-root mass, and vice versa. This expression is key to the derivation of mass ratios.
Perhaps the most significant consequence of introducing square-root mass as a quantum number is that it helps `convert' the vector-interaction of pre-gravitation into an effective spin-2 gravitation, as observed, because of the segregation of matter from anti-matter.
First off all you should know both are matter ...both are anti matter .
ReplyDeleteJust think A & -A two subject ,
- A is anti matter of +A but you need to decide first where is your location . If you ar in +A then -A is an anti matter of +A object . But when you stand at -A, +A will be the antimatter of -A ! That's the fiction which Einestine couldn't catch . That's mean every matter is relatively antimatter and every antimatter is relatively matter . That's the reason the universe is visible and invisible. And God exsist and also do not exsist !